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 Major Groups | Insecta (insects) | Diptera (true flies)

 
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2(1). Head completely formed (eucephalic), may be retracted into the thorax, IF so, THEN fleshy lobes (L) on last segment; obvious toothed (T) mandibles usually present  

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Tanyderidae 

head completely formed

Tipulidae 

head retracted into thorax

Tipulidae 

fleshy lobes on last segment

Tipulidae 

toothed mandibles

-Head usually with reduced sclerotization often just a few rods with no external structure; mandibles sickle-shaped OR present as mouth hooks

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Athericidae 

head with reduced sclerotization

Muscidae 

mandibles sickle-shaped

Athericidae 

mandibles as mouth hooks